1.请将以下这段英文翻译成中文（请勿使用翻译器）

2.攀登珠穆朗玛峰需要带些什么工具？详细点。

3.高山冰川英语

4.谁能提供一些地质方面的英语词汇？

5.跪求冰雹``冰川的一些英文资料~

此文简单介绍了什么是冰川及冰川分布

Glaciers are made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large, thickened ice masses. Glaciers form when snow remains in one location long enough to transform into ice. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move. Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers are as small as football fields, while others grow to be over a hundred kilometers long.

Presently, glaciers occupy about 10 percent of the world's total land area, with most located in polar regions like Antarctica and Greenland. Glaciers can be thought as remnants from the last Ice Age, when ice covered nearly 32 percent of the land, and 30 percent of the oceans. An Ice Age occurs when cool temperature endure for extended periods of time, allowing polar ice to advance into lower latitudes. For example, during the last Ice Age, giant glacial ice sheets extended from the poles to cover most of Canada, all of New England, much of the upper Midwest, large areas of Alaska, most of Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard and other arctic islands, Scandinia, much of Great Britain and Ireland, and the northwestern part of the former Soviet Union.

Within the past 750,000 years, scientists know that there he been eight Ice Age cycles, separated by warmer periods called interglacial periods. Currently, the Earth is nearing the end of an interglacial, meaning that another Ice Age is due in a few thousand years. This is part of the normal climate variation cycle. Greenhouse warming may delay the onset of another glacial era, but scientists still he many questions to answer about climate change. Although glaciers change very slowly over long periods, they may provide important global climate change signals.

请将以下这段英文翻译成中文（请勿使用翻译器）

Mount Everest

Mount Everest or Qomolangma or Sagarmatha or Chomolungma pronounced as is the highest mountain on Earth, as measured by the height of its summit above sea level. The mountain, which is part of the Himalaya range in High Asia, is located on the border between Nepal and China.

Naming

The ancient Sanskrit names for the mountain are Devgiri and Devadurga . In Nepali it is known as Sagarmatha meaning "Head of the Sky". The Tibetan name is Chomolungma or Qomolangma ,and the related Chinese name is Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng or Shèngmǔ Fēng,Pinyin: Qomolangma Feng.

In 1865, the mountain was given its English name by Andrew Waugh, the British surveyor-general of India. With both Nepal and Tibet closed to foreign trel, he wrote:

I was taught by my respected chief and predecessor, Colonel Sir George Everest to assign to every geographical object its true local or native ellation. But here is a mountain, most probably the highest in the world, without any local name that we can discover, whose native ellation, if it has any, will not very likely be ascertained before we are allowed to penetrate into Nepal. In the meantime the privilege as well as the duty devolves on me to assign…a name whereby it may be known among citizens and geographers and become a household word among civilized nations.

Waugh chose to name the mountain after George Everest, first using the spelling Mont Everest, and then Mount Everest. However, the modern pronunciation of Everest (IPA: [?v?r?st] or [?v?r?st] [EV-er-est]) is in fact different from Sir George's own pronunciation of his surname, which was [?iv;r?st] (EAVE-rest).

In the early 1960s, the Nepalese realized that Mount Everest had no Nepalese name. This was because the mountain was not known and named in ethnic Nepal (that is, the Kathmandu valley and surrounding areas). The set out to find a name for the mountain (the Sherpa/Tibetan name Chomolangma was not acceptable, as it would he been against the idea of unification (Nepalization) of the country. The name Sagarmatha () was thus invented by Baburam Acharya.

In 2002, the Chinese People's Daily newspaper published an article making a case against the continued use of the English name for the mountain in the Western world, insisting that it should be referred to by its Tibetan name. The newspaper argued that the Chinese name preceded the English one, as Mount Qomolangma was marked on a Chinese map more than 280 years ago.[4]

Measurement

Aerial view of Mount Everest.

Another aerial view of Mount Everest.Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician and surveyor from Bengal, was the first to identify Everest as the world's highest peak in 1852, using trigonometric calculations based on measurements of "Peak XV" (as it was then known) made with theodolites from 240 km (150 miles) away in India. Measurement could not be made from closer due to a lack of access to Nepal. "Peak XV" was found to be exactly 29,000 feet (8,839 m) high, but was publicly declared to be 29,002 feet (8,840 m). The arbitrary addition of 2 feet (0.6 m) was to oid the impression that an exact height of 29,000 feet was nothing more than a rounded estimate.

More recently, the mountain has been found to be 8,848 m (29,028 feet) high, although there is some variation in the measurements. The mountain K2 comes in second at 8,611 m (28,251 feet) high. On May 22, 2005, the People's Republic of China's Everest Expedition Team ascended to the top of the mountain. After several months' complicated measurement and calculation, on October 9, 2005, the PRC's State Bureau of Surveying and Ming officially announced the height of Everest as 8,844.43 m ± 0.21 m (29,017.16 ± 0.69 ft). They claimed it was the most accurate measurement to date.[5]. But this new height is based on the actual highest point of rock and not on the snow and ice that sits on top of that rock on the summit, so, in keeping with the practice used on Mont Blanc and Khan Tangiri Shyngy, it is not shown here. The Chinese also measured a snow/ice depth of 3.5 m,[6] which implies agreement with a net elevation of 8,848 m. But in reality the snow and ice thickness varies, making a definitive height of the snow cap, and hence the precise height attained by summiteers without sophisticated GPS, impossible to determine.

The elevation of 8,848 m (29,028 ft) was first determined by an Indian survey in 1955, made closer to the mountain, also using theodolites. It was subsequently reaffirmed by a 15 Chinese measurement [7]. In both cases the snow cap, not the rock head, was measured. In May 1999 an American Everest Expedition, directed by Bradford Washburn, anchored a GPS unit into the highest bedrock. A rock head elevation of 8,850 m (29,035 feet), and a snow/ice elevation 1 m (3 ft) higher, were oained via this device[8]. Although it has not been officially recognized by Nepal [9], this figure is widely quoted. Geoid uncertainty casts dou upon the accuracy claimed by both the 1999 and 2005 surveys.

It is thought that the plate tectonics of the area are adding to the height and moving the summit north-eastwards. Two accounts, [8], [10] suggest the rates of change are 4 mm per year (upwards) 3-6 mm per year (northeastwards), but another account mentions more lateral movement (27 mm)[11], and even shrinkage has been suggested [12].

Everest is the mountain whose summit attains the greatest distance above sea level. Two other mountains are sometimes claimed as alternative "tallest mountains on Earth". Mauna Kea in Hawaii is tallest when measured from its base; it rises over 10,203 m (about 6.3 mi) when measured from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above sea level. The summit of Chimborazo in Ecuador is 2,168 m (7,113 ft) farther from the Earth's centre (6,384.4 km or 3,967.1 mi) than that of Everest (6,382.3 km or 3,965.8 mi), because the Earth bulges at the Equator. However, Chimborazo attains a height of 6,267 m (20,561 ft) above sea level, and by this criterion it is not even the highest peak of the Andes.

The deepest spot in the ocean is deeper than Everest is high: the Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, is so deep that if Everest were to be placed into it there would be more than 2 km (1.25 mi) of water covering it.

The Mount Everest region, and the Himalayas in general, are thought to be experiencing ice-melt due to global warming.[13] The exceptionally hey southwest summer monsoon of 2005 is consistent with continued warming and augmented convective uplift on the Tibetan plateau to the north.[citation needed]

Climbing routes

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View from space showing South Col route and North Col/Ridge route

Southern and northern climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station.

Mt. Everest has two main climbing routes, the southeast ridge from Nepal and the northeast ridge from Tibet, as well as many other less frequently climbed routes. Of the two main routes, the southeast ridge is technically easier and is the more frequently-used route. It was the route used by Hillary and Tenzing in 1953 and the first recognised of fif routes to the top by 1996. This was, however, a route decision dictated more by politics than by design as the Chinese border was closed to foreigners in 1949. Reinhold Messner (Italy) summited the mountain solo for the first time, without supplementary oxygen or support, on the more difficult Northwest route via the North Col to the North Face and the Great Couloir, on August 20th 1980. He climbed for three days entirely alone from his base camp at 6500 meters. This route has been noted as the 8th climbing route to the summit.

Most attempts are made during April and May before the summer monsoon season. A change in the jet stream at this time of year reduces the erage wind speeds high on the mountain. While attempts are sometimes made after the monsoons in September and October, the additional snow deposited by the monsoons and the less stable weather patterns makes climbing more difficult.

Southeast ridge

The ascent via the southeast ridge begins with a trek to Base Camp at 5,380 m (17,600 ft) on the south side of Everest in Nepal. Expeditions usually fly into Lukla (2,860 m) from Kathmandu and pass through Namche Bazaar. Climbers then hike to Base Camp, which usually takes six to eight days, allowing for proper altitude acclimatization in order to prevent altitude sickness. Climbing equipment and supplies are carried by yaks, dzopkyos (yak hybrids) and human porters to Base Camp on the Khumbu Glacier. When Hillary and Tenzing climbed Everest in 1953, they started from Kathmandu Valley, as there were no roads further east at that time.

A view of Everest southeast ridge base camp. The Khumbu Icefall can be seen in the left. In the center are the remains of a helicopter that crashed in 2003.Climbers will spend a couple of weeks in Base Camp, acclimatizing to the altitude. During that time, Sherpas and some expedition climbers will set up ropes and ladders in the treacherous Khumbu Icefall. Seracs, crevasses and shifting blocks of ice make the icefall one of the most dangerous sections of the route. Many climbers and Sherpas he been killed in this section. To reduce the hazard, climbers will usually begin their ascent well before dawn when the freezing temperatures glue ice blocks in place. Above the icefall is Camp I or Advanced Base Camp (ABC) at 6,065 m (19,900 ft).

From Camp I, climbers make their way up the Western Cwm to the base of the Lhotse face, where Camp II is established at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). The Western Cwm is a relatively flat, gently rising glacial valley, marked by huge lateral crevasses in the centre which prevent direct access to the upper reaches of the Cwm. Climbers are forced to cross on the far right near the base of Nuptse to a small passageway known as the "Nuptse corner". The Western Cwm is also called the "Valley of Silence" as the topography of the area generally cuts off wind from the climbing route. The high altitude and a clear, windless day can make the Western Cwm unbearably hot for climbers.

From Camp II, climbers ascend the Lhotse face on fixed ropes up to Camp III, located on a small ledge at 7,470 m (24,500 ft). From there, it is another 500 metres to Camp IV on the South Col at 7,920 m (26,000 ft). From Camp III to Camp IV, climbers are faced with two additional challenges: The Geneva Spur and The Yellow Band. The Geneva Spur is an anvil shaped rib of black rock named by a 1952 Swiss expedition. Fixed ropes assist climbers in scrambling over this snow covered rock band. The Yellow Band is a section of sedimentary sandstone which also requires about 100 metres of rope for trersing it.

On the South Col, climbers enter the death zone. Climbers typically only he a maximum of two or three days they can endure at this altitude for making summit bids. Clear weather and low winds are critical factors in deciding whether to make a summit attempt. If weather does not cooperate within these short few days, climbers are forced to descend, many all the way back down to Base Camp.

From Camp IV, climbers will begin their summit push around midnight with hopes of reaching the summit (still another 1,000 metres above) within 10 to 12 hours. Climbers will first reach "The Balcony" at 8,400 m (27,700 ft), a small platform where they can rest and gaze at peaks to the south and east in the early dawn light. Continuing up the ridge, climbers are then faced with a series of imposing rock steps which usually forces them to the east into waist deep snow, a serious alanche hazard. At 8,750 m (28,700 ft), a small table-sized dome of ice and snow marks the South Summit.

From the South Summit, climbers follow the knife-edge southeast ridge along what is known as the "Cornice trerse" where snow clings to intermittent rock. This is the most exposed section of the climb as a misstep to the left would send one 2,400 m (8,000 ft) down the southwest face while to the immediate right is the 3,050 m (10,000 ft) Kangshung face. At the end of this trerse is an imposing 12 m (40 ft) rock wall called the "Hillary Step" at 8,760 m (28,750 ft).

Hillary and Tenzing were the first climbers to ascend this step and they did it with primitive ice climbing equipment and without fixed ropes. Nowadays, climbers will ascend this step using fixed ropes previously set up by Sherpas. Once above the step, it is a comparatively easy climb to the top on moderately angled snow slopes - though the exposure on the ridge is extreme especially while trersing very large cornices of snow. After the Hillary Step, climbers also must trerse a very loose and rocky section that has a very large entanglement of fixed ropes that can be troublesome in bad weather. Climbers will typically spend less than a half-hour on "top of the world" as they realize the need to descend to Camp IV before darkness sets in, afternoon weather becomes a serious problem, or supplemental oxygen tanks run out.

Northeast ridge

Everest North FaceThe northeast ridge route begins from the north side of Everest in Tibet. Expeditions trek to the Rongbuk Glacier, setting up Base Camp at 5,180 m (17,000 ft) on a grel plain just below the glacier. To reach Camp II, climbers ascend the medial moraine of the east Rongbuk Glacier up to the base of Changtse at around 6,100 m (20,000 ft). Camp III (ABC - Advanced Base Camp) is situated below the North Col at 6,500 m (21,300 ft). To reach Camp IV on the north col, climbers ascend the glacier to the foot of the col where fixed ropes are used to reach the North Col at 7,010 m (23,000 ft). From the North Col, climbers ascend the rocky north ridge to set up Camp V at around 7,775 m (25,500 ft). The route goes up the north face through a series of gullies and steepens into downsloping slabby terrain before reaching the site of Camp VI at 8,230 m (27,000 ft). From Camp VI, climbers will make their final summit push. Climbers must first make their way through three rock bands known as First Step: 27,890 feet - 28,00 feet, Second Step: 28,140 feet - 28,300 feet, and Third Step: 28,510 feet - 28,870 feet. Once above these steps, the final summit slopes (50 to 60 degrees) to the top.

Ascents

Mount Everest as seen from the Rongbuk Monastery.Main article: Timeline of climbing Mount Everest

Early expeditions

On June 8, 1924, George Mallory and Andrew Irvine, both of the United Kingdom, made an attempt on the summit via the north col/north ridge route from which they never returned.

In 1999, the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition found Mallory's body in the predicted search area near the old Chinese camp. Controversy has raged in the mountaineering community as to whether the duo may he summited 29 years before the confirmed ascent (and of course, safe descent) of Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953. The general consensus among climbers has been that they did not, though recent findings may indicate otherwise.

Mallory had gone on a speaking tour of the United States the year before in 1923; it was then that he exasperatedly ge the famous reply, "Because it is there," to a New York journalist in response to hearing the question, "Why climb Everest?" for seemingly the thousandth time. Comprehensive information is ailable at Mallory and Irvine: The Final Chapter including critical opposing viewpoints.

In 1933, Lady Houston, a British millionaire ex-showgirl, funded the Houston Everest Flight of 1933, which saw a formation of airplanes led by the Marquess of Clydesdale fly over the summit in an effort to deploy the British Union Jack flag at the top.

Early expeditions ascended the mountain from Tibet, via the north face. However, this access was closed to western expeditions in 1950, after the Chinese reasserted control over Tibet. However, in 1950, Bill Tilman and a small party which included Charles Houston, Oscar Houston and Betsy Cowles undertook an exploratory expedition to Everest through Nepal along the route which has now become the standard roach to Everest from the south.

First successful ascent by Tenzing and Hillary

In 1953, a ninth British expedition, led by John Hunt, returned to Nepal. Hunt selected two climbing pairs to attempt to reach the summit. The first pair (Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans) came within 300 feet of the summit on 26 May, but turned back after becoming exhausted. The next day, the expedition made its second and final assault on the summit with its second climbing pair. The summit was eventually reached at 11:30 am local time on May 29, 1953 by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal climbing the South Col Route. At the time, both acknowledged it as a team effort by the whole expedition, but Tenzing revealed a few years later that Hillary had put his foot on the summit first. They paused at the summit to take photographs and buried a few sweets and a small cross in the snow before descending. News of the expedition's success reached London on the morning of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. Returning to Kathmandu a few days later, Hillary and Hunt discovered that they had been promptly knighted for their efforts.

1996 disaster

During the 1996 climbing season, fif people died trying to reach the summit, making it the deadliest single year in Everest history. The disaster gained wide publicity and raised questions about the commercialization of Everest.

Journalist Jon Krakauer, on assignment from Outside magazine, was in one of the affected parties, and afterwards published the bestseller Into Thin Air which related his experience. Anatoli Boukreev, a guide who felt impugned by Krakauer's book, co-authored a rebuttal book called The Climb. The dispute sparked a large debate within the climbing community. In May 2004, Kent Moore, a physicist, and John L. Semple, a surgeon, both researchers from the University of Toronto, told New Scientist magazine that an analysis of weather conditions on that day suggested that freak weather caused oxygen levels to plunge by around 14%[14][15].

The storm's impact on climbers on the mountain's other side, the North Ridge, where several climbers also died, was detailed in a first hand account by British filmmaker and writer Matt Dickinson in his book The Other Side of Everest.

2003 - 50th Anniversary of First Ascent

2003 marked the 50th anniversary of the first ascent, and a record number of teams, including some very distinguished climbers, climbed or attempted to climb the mountain.

2005 - Helicopter landing

On 14 May 2005, pilot Didier Delsalle of France landed a Eurocopter AS 350 B3 Helicopter on the summit of Mount Everest[16] and remained there for two minutes. (His rotors were continually engaged; this is known as a "hover landing".) His subsequent take-off set the world record for highest take-off of a rotorcraft — a record that of course cannot be beaten.[17] Delsalle had also performed a take-off two days earlier from the South Col, leading to some confusion in the press about the validity of the summit cl

攀登珠穆朗玛峰需要带些什么工具？详细点。

冰川是指陆地上缓慢移动的巨大冰块。”glacier”一词原指冰块，源于法语”glace”。因此，冰川也常被称为“冰之河”。

冰川分为两类：高山冰川和冰盖。

高山冰川形成于山腰，并沿山谷向下移动。有时，通过推开路径上的污物、土壤和其他物质，高山冰川也导致了山谷的形成或对该过程产生促进作用。几乎所有陆地上的高山地带都能发现高山冰川，但澳洲除外（虽然在新西兰存在许多此类冰川）。瑞士的Gorner冰川和坦桑尼亚的Furtwangler冰川都是典型的高山冰川。高山冰川也被称为山谷冰川或山丘冰川。

与高山冰川不同，冰盖并不限于山丘地带。它们形成于开阔穹地，从中心朝各个方向扩展，将周围所有物体都覆盖上一层厚厚的冰，包括山谷、平原，甚至整个山体。最大的冰盖称为大陆冰川，其覆盖面绵延数千里。如今，该冰川已覆盖大部分南极洲和格陵兰岛。

更新世时期，巨大的冰盖曾覆盖北美和欧洲的大部分地区。这是最近的冰川时期，也被称为冰河世纪。冰盖的覆盖面积在大约一万八千年前达到了最大。当古老冰川延伸时，它们雕刻并改变地表形貌，创造出许多当今景观。更新世冰河时期，近乎三分之一的地球表面被冰川覆盖。如今，这一覆盖面积已减少为大约十分之一。

高山冰川英语

攀登珠峰的人需要许多专门的装备，包括衣物、工具和食品等。此处提供了一份不完全清单，通过这份清单，您可以大致了解所需装备的数量。如果您随登山队一起攀登，那您应仔细核对登山队提供的物品。另外，出发前应测试所有装备是否能正常使用。点击Alpine Ascents和MountEverest.net网站查看登山设备详细清单及品牌推荐。

登山鞋

带内外靴体和脚套的双层高山靴

HowStuffWorks Shopper供图

带内外靴体和脚套的双层高山靴

登山者需要准备多双袜子，包括户外袜、羊毛袜和里袜。另外还需准备轻便的远足靴以及有衬里的塑料登山靴。靴子最好稍大一点，为脚部留出足够活动空间，并减少冻伤危险。可以使用电热线和加热垫来帮助靴子保暖。另外，对于有些靴子，您可能还需要准备一双绝缘隔热的高腰套靴。有些靴子会配有脚套。如果没有，那您需要自备一些，以保持双脚温暖干燥。

登山衣物

厚重的巴拉克拉法帽

HowStuffWorks Shopper供图

厚重的巴拉克拉法帽

头部装备需要头灯、备用灯泡和电池、带侧盖的雪镜、滑雪护目镜、棒球帽或面甲、羊毛帽及轻便型和厚重型巴拉克拉法帽。准备一条合成材质的大手帕以保护脖子。另外还需要四副不同的手套：可用在其他手套里面的轻便合成材质手套、户外羊毛手套、防水手套及户外长手套。

登山装备

在登山鞋底部扣上卡式冰爪。带好备用冰爪以防损坏。准备适合全副衣装的高海拔攀登吊带一副、带锁钩环和固定钩环各三个、左右上升器各一个、保护器一个、普鲁士绳结（也可以使用长度为12米、直径为6毫米的贝纶绳制作普鲁士绳结）。攀爬洛子峰和冲击峰顶时，冰斧（配有专门设计的腕带）也必不可少。冰斧长度应根据自己的身高进行选择——如果身高不超过1米64，应选择长度为60厘米的冰斧；如果身高在1米64至1米 85之间，则应选择长度为65厘米的冰斧。冰川绳也很重要。有关“绳结制作”和冰川绳索用法的详细信息，请查看Get Outdoors网站上的冰川行走入门(Glacier Trel:Fundamentals)。

钩环和保护器

钩环和保护器

营地物品

在每个营地中，都需要两个高质量的羽绒睡袋（户外徒步型，至少能抵御零下20至40摄氏度的低温）、至少两个自充气式防潮垫和一个保温垫；在有些营地中，将两块垫子叠起来用可能更舒服一些。

您还需要准备几顶帐篷：在珠峰大本营时需要一顶大帐篷，海拔越高，所需的帐篷必须越小、越轻、质量越好。指南针或小型GPS设备能帮助您找到珠峰峰顶的位置。携带两个钛质炉头，确保在需要时至少有一个能正常使用（可以加快做饭速度）。至于炊具和餐具，您需要二到三只轻便的锅子（带锅盖）、塑料杯、热水壶、勺子、刀（如莱泽曼(Leatherman)刀具）以及几块隔热垫。

多准备一些火柴和打火机，取暖和做饭都少不了它们。但要确保打火机质量过硬，在海拔较高地区也能正常使用。准备一架化学净水器能减少您烧水的麻烦，但您需要额外携带净水材料。

准备两个塑料水壶，再准备一个供小便用的大口壶。有条件的户外运动旅行社会提供煤气和氧气。可使用大容量远足包或登山背包来装运您的装备（您或许还需要一只较小的可随身携带的背包）。背包上必须有可供悬挂冰斧和其他登山装备的挂钩。别忘了在背包里放上防晒霜、润唇膏和一小套个人急救用品。

电子装备

谁能提供一些地质方面的英语词汇？

alpine glacier

双语例句

1.高山冰川前缘地带景观生态的发育与演替&以天山1号冰川前缘为例

The Development and Evolution of Landscape in Front of Alpine Glacier ── A Case Study from the Front Area of No. 1 Glacier in Tianshan Mountain 。

2.高山冰川是一类较为独特的生态系统，其低温、寡营养环境被认为是研究生命进化和地球环境演化等重大问题的活化石，同时，也是一个天然的微生物储藏库。

As a unique ecological system, low temperature and oligotrophic alpine Glacier is considered as a "living fossil" for the research of life evolution and environmental evolution on the earth, and it is also a natural microorganism "reservoir".?

3.高山冰川作用区局地环流和气温分析

A Study on Local Circulation and Temperature in Alpine Glaciated Area .

4.最后一个冰河时代的遗迹，高山冰川正在迅速消失。

Some are remains of the last ice-age, and alpine glaciers are quickly disearing.?

跪求冰雹``冰川的一些英文资料~

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glacier:

a slowly moving mass of ice

wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to grity. A glacier is formed by multi-year ice accretion in mountainous or sloping terrain. The glacier fringe is the area where the glacier has recently melted. There are two main types of glaciers: alpine glaciers, which are found in mountain terrains, and continental glaciers, which are associated with ice ages and can cover large areas of continents. ...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier

Ray Lloyd is a professional wrestler better known as Glacier from his days in World Championship Wrestling.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier_(wrestler)

A huge mass of ice, formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, that moves very slowly downslope or outward due to its own weight.

.bioquaticsupply/html/lkword_g.htm

Bodies of land ice that consist of recrystallized snow accumulated on the surface of the ground, and that move slowly downslope.

.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/end/glossary_g.htm

a large mass of ice (at least .1km^2) set in motion by the Earth's grity, which is a result of accumulated snowfall with little snow melt.

.tsgc.utexas.edu/stars/metgloss.html

A glacier is a slowly-moving river of snow and ice.

.enchantedlearning/explorers/glossary.shtml

A very large body of ice moving slowly down a slope or valley or spreading outward on a land surface

.climatechangenorth.ca/H1_Glossary.html

A large mass of ice formed by compressed snow, which moves slowly under its own weight. Glaciers exist where, over a period of years, snow remains after summer's end and accumulates year after year.

.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/stratoguide/glossary.html

[glay-sher]- glaciers are accumulations of snow, ice, air pockets, water and rock debris. They can fill valleys or entire continents (as in the case of Antarctica). They he enough mass to flow across a landscape, moving as little as a few feet per year, up to thousands of feet per year. Glaciers are found throughout the world in such places as Africa, New Zealand and Chile.

.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/resources_glossary.html

A large mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts

.ifdn/teacher/glossary.htm

Any field or stream of ice of land origin. It may be either active or stagnant.

.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/31-71/Gloss.htm

a large mass of ice formed by the accumulation of falling snow that moves like a river

.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/rc/dictionary/rcdict.html

a large body of ice with definite lateral limits, which moves in a downslope direction due to its great mass, as in Alaska.

.dep.state.fl.us/geology/geologictopics/glossary.htm

Accumulation of ice of atmospheric origin generally moving slowly on land over a long period.

.grid.unep.ch/product/publication/freshwater_europe/glos.php

A mass of land ice, formed by the further recrystallization of firn, flowing continuously from higher to lower elevations. This term covers all such ice accumulations from the extensive continental glacier to tiny snowdrift glaciers. Nearly all glaciers are classified according to the topographical features with which they are associated, for example, highland glacier, plateau glacier, piedmont glacier, valley glacier, cirque glacier. ...

amsglossary.allenpress/glossary/browse

A thick mass of ice resulting from compacted snow that forms when more snow accumulates than melts annually.

interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/textonly/teachers/volcanoes_guide_glossary.htm

A large mass of snow and ice moving along Earth's surface.

.mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/science/glossary.shtml

a body of ice, consisting largely of recrystalized snow, that shows evidence of downslide movement due to its own weight.

.sd5.k12.mt.us/glaciereft/geogloss.htm

a body of moving ice, usually at least 100 feet thick so that the ice crystals on the bottom deform to effect movement.

.tc.umn.edu/~smith213/Glossary%20GP.htm

is a body of ice showing evidence of movement as reported by the presence of ice flowline, crevasses, and recent geologic evidence. Glaciers exist where, over a period of years, snow remains after summer's end.

.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1300/glacialterms.html

Shown on the map by a white background (ice) and blue contour lines. One glacier is labeled in red, but six other glaciers or partial glaciers also ear on this map. These are all examples of cirque glaciers.

.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/lemke/alpine_glacial_glossary/more_examples/mt_abbot_ca.html

A mass of slow-moving ice formed from accumulated snowfalls.

.doc.ic.ac.uk/~kpt/terraquest/va/guidebook/glossary/glossary.html

A large mass of ice formed, at least in part, on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, moving slowly down slope or outward in all directions due to the stress of its own weight and surviving from year to year. The term "glacier" is usually, though not exclusively, confined to ice bodies that are constrained by valleys. Ice bodies that are continental in scale are usually called "ice sheets".

.abheritage.ca/abnature/glossary.htm

Bodies of ice and compacted snow. Glaciers are formed with the termperature is too cold to allow accumulating snow to melt. The snow compacts and eventually the snow crystals change into granular ice crystals called firn. As the firn becomes buried under more accumulating snow, it changes into solid ice. The changes takes years to accomplish. There are two categories of glaciers: Alpine (which form on mountainsides) or ice sheets (which form on flat land). ...

.educationoasis/curriculum/Social_Studies/geo/geography_terms.htm

a huge mass of ice and snow which moves extremely slowly (inches per year); able to scrape off and move large amounts of earth.

.wheatonparkdistrict/recreation/fourth/glossary.html

A mass of ice with definite lateral limits, with motion in a definite direction, and originating from the compacting of snow by pressure.

.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/glossary.shtml

A large mass of ice which persists throughout the year, and moves slowly downslope in a liquid manor by it's own weight. Glaciers are formed in areas where the winter snow doesn't he a chance to melt, and consecutive snowfalls accumulate and compress into ice.

.world-waterfalls/glossary.php

hail:

acclaim: praise vociferously; "The critics hailed the young pianist as a new Rubinstein"

be a native of; "She hails from Kalamazoo"

call for; "hail a cab"

greet enthusiastically or joyfully

precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents

enthusiastic greeting

precipitate as small ice particles; "It hailed for an hour"

wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

Hail is a type of graupel (a form of precipitation) composed of balls or irregular lumps of ice. It occurs when supercooled water droplets (remaining in a liquid state despite being below the freezing point, 0 °C/32 °F) in a storm cloud aggregates around some solid object, such as a dust particle or an already-forming hailstone. The water then freezes around the object. ...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail

showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice more than 5 mm in diameter, falling from a cumulonimbus cloud.

.geog.ubc.ca/courses/g102/Resources/G102Glossary.html

precipitation composed of chunks of ice that form atop cumulonimbus clouds and fall as soon as they become too hey for the cloud updrafts to hold.

.flowmeterdirectory/meteorology_terms.html

Precipitation in the form of transparent or partially opaque balls or irregular lumps of concentric ice. Hail is normally defined as hing a diameter of 5 millimeters or more and is produced by thunderstorms.

.weca.org/nws-terms.html

A call to another vessel. Harbor - A safe, protected anchorage for docking and loading. Hatch - An opening in the deck, providing access to the space below. Head - This word is used in many ways in boating, the most important to those on board being "toilet." Heading - The compass direction in which a vessel is pointed at any given moment. Head sea - Wes coming from the direction in which a vessel is heading. Helm - Where the steering wheel is located. ...

.searay/boating_glossary.asp

Precipitation in the form of hard pellets of ice which fall from cumulo-nimbus clouds and are often associated with thunderstorms.

.aeroplanemonthly/glossary/glossary_H.htm

Precipitation composed of balls or irregular lumps of ice with diameters between 5 and 50 mm.

.telemet/weather_gloss_h.htm

Pieces of hard, solid ice falling from clouds.

.bbc.co.uk/weather/weatherwise/glossary/h.shtml

Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. An individual unit of hail is called a hailstone. By convention, hail has a diameter of 5 mm or more, while smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. ...

amsglossary.allenpress/glossary/browse

Precipitation in the form of balls or clumps of ice, produced by thunderstorms. Severe storms with intense updrafts are the most likely large hail producers.

.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/html/spotglos.shtml

Precipitation in the forms of lumps of ice that occur with some thunderstorms.

.cookcountysheriff/ema/glossary.html

a frozen form of precipitation in which droplets reach the ground still frozen as ice. Individual droplets, or hailstones, can range in size from a grain of sand to a large cobble.

.naturalhazards.org/glossary/

A type of frozen precipitation formed when rain droplets are lofted high into the atmosphere by strong updrafts repeatedly, adding new layers of ice with each up-and-down trip, until it is finally hey enough to fall to the ground. Hail accompanies strong thunderstorms and is usually a summertime phenomenon.

wilstar/skywatch_glossary.htm

Balls of ice ranging in size from tiny peas to larger than orange size

australiasevereweather/photography/define2.htm

millimetric or larger precipitation particle of ice, formed by the accretion of ice crystals and rapidly freezing supercooled water droplets.

.advancedforecasting/weathereducation/weatherglossary.html

to call to another ship.

.lib.mq.edu.au/all/journeys/ships/glossary.html

Pieces of ice that sometimes form in high clouds

.rcn27.dial.pipex/cloudsrus/glossary.html

Precipitation in the form of nearly spherical or jagged chunks of ice; often characterized by internal concentric layering. Hail is associated with thunderstorm cells that he strong updrafts and relatively great moisture content.

.ametsoc.org/amsedu/WES/glossary.html

precipitation in the form of hard pellets of ice or hard snow.

.wef.org/publicinfo/NewsRoom/wastewater_glossaryK-2.jhtml

Precipitation in the form of circular or irregular-shaped lumps of ice.

weather.ncbuy/glossary.html

ice balls that are formed by rain that is thrown by air currents back up into a thundercloud, were a layer of ice forms around it. Hail can make several trips back up into a cloud, were it is covered with another level of ice each time.

library.thinkquest.org/3805/glossary/gloss.htm

opaque balls of ice, almost always spherical. Hail occurs in all provinces, but most frequently in Saskatchewan and Alberta, where some areas can get as many as 10 storms a year.

members.tripod/~MitchellBrown/almanac/weather_glossary.html

Rain that has been frozen many times on its way to the ground, creating a lumpy ball of ice.

weathereye.kgan/cadet/disaster/glossary.html

To attempt to contact another boat or shore, either by voice or radio.

.terrax.org/sailing/glossary/gh.aspx

is precipitation of small balls or pieces of ice (hailstones) with a diameter ranging from 5 to 50 mm (1/2 to 2 inches) or sometimes more, falling either separately or fused into irregular lumps. Hailstones are composed, almost exclusively of transparent ice, or a series of transparent ice at least 1 mm (1/25 in.) in thickness, alternating with translucent layers. Hail is generally observed during hey thunderstorms.

.mid-c/manmar/Definiti.htm

Balls of ice that grow in thunderstorm updrafts.

.carlwozniak/clouds/glossary.html